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The maritime world is evolving. As ports, ships, and offshore operations embrace new technologies, maritime digitalisation is actively reshaping the very core of how the industry operates.
From AI-driven navigation to the integration of IoT sensors and cloud-based platforms, the shipping industry is moving full speed ahead into the digital era. While this shift brings impressive efficiency and innovation, it also raises a critical question: how do we safeguard our vessels, crew, and cargo from the growing threat of maritime cyber risk?
At Securewest International, our intelligence, alerting, and 24/7 monitoring services support clients as they adopt more digital tools. So, let’s explore the promises and pitfalls of digitalisation in the maritime industry – and how Securewest International can help you steer the right course.
The Positive Impact of Digitalisation in the Maritime Industry
Maritime digitalisation is fast becoming a cornerstone of modern shipping operations. Whether it’s streamlining supply chains or enabling seamless communication between ship and shore, digital transformation is enhancing nearly every aspect of maritime activities.
Efficiency That Travels Far and Wide
Improved operational efficiency is one of the most significant gains from digitalisation. Gone are the days when crews relied solely on manual processes and limited onboard systems. Today, vessels are equipped with an array of remote monitoring tools, AI-driven analytics, and IoT sensors that keep a vigilant eye on every facet of ship performance.
Remote monitoring allows operators to assess the condition of critical assets in real time, even from thousands of miles away. For example, engine performance, fuel consumption, cargo temperature, and hull integrity can now be tracked continuously, giving operators the ability to detect anomalies early and take corrective action before they escalate.
Automated navigation systems have also transformed voyage planning. AI-powered software can dynamically adjust routes based on weather forecasts, traffic conditions, and fuel optimisation models, leading to cost savings and improved safety.
A notable example is Maersk, which has been leading the charge in implementing real-time data analytics and predictive maintenance solutions across its fleet. This shift has significantly reduced unplanned downtime, slashed fuel costs, and helped reduce carbon emissions – a growing priority as the industry focuses on sustainability.
Clearer Communication, Better Decisions
Maritime digitalisation & communications technologies are also revolutionising how crews, ports, and shipping headquarters collaborate. Cloud-based platforms and satellite communications make real-time data sharing seamless, enabling swift decision-making and improving overall supply chain transparency.
With improved vessel-to-shore connectivity, port operators can receive up-to-the-minute updates on ship locations, ETA adjustments, and cargo handling requirements. This not only reduces turnaround times but also minimises costly delays caused by miscommunication or unforeseen disruptions.
Ultimately, digitalisation is creating a more agile and responsive maritime industry. But while the efficiencies and cost savings are evident, the expanding digital footprint brings new challenges in the form of cyber vulnerabilities.
Cyber Risks Introduced by Digitalisation
The digitalisation wave, while largely positive, has also expanded the industry’s exposure to cyber risks. As vessels and port infrastructure increasingly depend on digital systems, the maritime sector has become an attractive target for cybercriminals.
A Wider Attack Surface
Every connected device – whether it’s an IoT sensor, an email server, or a port management system – represents a potential entry point for hackers. With each layer of digital integration, the attack surface grows, giving malicious actors more opportunities to exploit security weaknesses.
The industry’s reliance on operational technology (OT) is a significant concern. OT includes critical systems such as engine control units, ballast water management systems, GPS, and automated navigation controls. These systems, once isolated, are now integrated with broader IT networks and connected to the internet, making them vulnerable to cyber threats.
The Maersk NotPetya ransomware attack in 2017 remains one of the most sobering reminders of what’s at stake. The malware crippled Maersk’s IT systems globally, from port terminals to shipping lines, disrupting supply chains and causing losses exceeding $300 million. The incident not only exposed the maritime industry’s digital vulnerabilities but also underscored the critical need for comprehensive cyber risk management.
Operational Technology: A Weak Link
Unlike IT systems, OT infrastructure on vessels is often older and lacks basic security controls such as encryption, access management, or regular patching. Many of these systems were designed decades ago with functionality and reliability in mind – not cyber resilience.
This leaves crucial shipboard systems vulnerable to attacks such as GPS spoofing, ransomware, and malware injection. If exploited, these vulnerabilities could compromise a vessel’s navigation, propulsion, or even cargo handling capabilities, potentially endangering the crew and the environment.
A 2022 report from ENISA (European Union Agency for Cybersecurity) found that phishing, ransomware, and supply chain attacks were among the most common cyber threats faced by maritime organisations. Alarmingly, the report highlighted a significant gap in cybersecurity awareness and training among crews, further increasing the risk.
The stakes are high. Cyber incidents can lead to financial penalties, reputational damage, cargo delays, and even compliance violations under international regulations, including the IMO’s guidelines on maritime cyber risk management.
Managing Maritime Cyber Risks
Mitigating the risks that come with maritime digitalisation requires a strategic and layered approach to cybersecurity. By embedding cyber risk management into operational planning, shipping companies can protect their assets, their people, and their reputations.
Risk Assessments Are A Vital First Step
Effective maritime cyber risk management starts with thorough risk assessments. These assessments identify vulnerable systems and highlight where protective measures need to be strengthened. This includes reviewing both IT and OT assets, assessing third-party vendor risks, and ensuring that employees, from senior management to crew, are trained in cybersecurity best practices.
The IMO’s guidelines on maritime cyber risk management urge operators to integrate cybersecurity into their existing safety management systems (SMS). This ensures that cyber risks are treated with the same rigour as traditional maritime hazards such as collisions or oil spills.
Continuous monitoring of systems is equally important. Threat detection tools, vulnerability scanners, and incident response plans should be in place and tested regularly to ensure preparedness.
Real-World Lessons
The 2020 cyber attack on the Port of San Diego serves as a cautionary tale. The attack disrupted port operations for several days, hampering both cargo handling and security services. The attackers had infiltrated a third-party system with lax security protocols, demonstrating how even indirect vulnerabilities can have wide-reaching impacts.
In another case, a bulk carrier operating in Asian waters experienced a GPS spoofing attack that altered its navigation data. Fortunately, vigilant crew members recognised the issue and corrected the course manually. However, had the anomaly gone undetected, the vessel could have strayed off course, potentially running aground or colliding with another ship.
These examples highlight that maritime cyber risk management plays a crucial role in protecting both lives and livelihoods.
Preparing for a Digital Future with Securewest
At Securewest International, we understand that digitalisation is transforming the maritime landscape – unlocking new efficiencies, capabilities, and ways of working. But with every leap forward in technology, there’s a parallel need to stay alert to the human and operational risks that can arise during times of change.
While cybersecurity itself sits outside our direct remit, our expertise lies in helping maritime operators stay safe, situationally aware, and ready to respond, especially as they adopt more complex and connected systems.
Through our maritime services, 24/7 monitoring, and tailored alerting solutions, we help clients maintain clarity in moments of uncertainty, ensure crews are well-informed, and enhance overall preparedness. In fast-moving digital environments, these services provide critical support, filling the gaps where people, protocols, or awareness may lag behind technology.
As the industry continues to embrace new digital tools, Securewest remains a trusted risk management partner, supporting safe operations at sea, ashore, and everywhere in between.
Secure On The Seas and Online
The digital revolution in the maritime industry brings with it opportunities for greater efficiency, sustainability, and safety. Yet, it also introduces new risks that cannot be ignored. If you want to learn more about maritime cyber security threats and how to stay compliant, read our supporting article.
By taking a proactive approach, companies can embrace digitalisation without losing sight of safety. Securewest International complements internal systems with 24/7 monitoring and risk management support, enhancing awareness where it’s needed most. Contact us today.